In software world Back-End Development refers to the side of the application that is not visible to the user. It includes managing servers, databases, and APIs. Typically back-end developers work with front-end developer by providing all the necessary data and resources that need to be surfaced in the UI.
The distinction between front-end and back-end development is common in large enterprise development companies. Where there can be multiple teams each responsible for different aspect of the product.
UX designers rarely work hand in hand with back-end developers. However, designers should understand some complexity involved in getting and serving required data. In data heavy applications some compromises might have to be made in the UI to accommodate for processing and serving large amounts of data to the users.